Here is an analysis of Jay-Z - 99 Problems. To analyse this music video this by using Andrew Goodwin's theory which sugguests that music videos follow certain rules or codes & conventions.
In this music video there is a lack of scopophillia considering that this is an R 'n' B music video. There are very few shots of barely clothed women considering the lyrics consist of words such as 'bitches' and 'hoes'. There is a lot of exposure of Jay-Z in this video as there are several different shots of him, there are many close-up shots oh him but there are also a variety of shots used for effect e.g wide shot of him when he is in the car being stopped by the police.
There is a relation between the lyrics and the the visual is when the voice of the policeman says K-9's and as soon as he says that the lyrics are synchronised by the visuals as the shot of the K-9 biting the cage is shown.
The characteristics to this video aren't like many other R 'n' B music videos, this video focuses more on a 'thug life' than compared to a 'gangster lifestyle'. These characteristics have been represented through the environment the video is filmed in. There is no sign of wealth in this video and the area is very corrupt, we can see this 'thug life' once we see Jay-Z get shot.
The shots used in this video are very random and are debatable whether they have reference to anything, an example of this is when we see the strangley dressed man dancing in a tunnel. This shot had no specific relation to the lyrics or music.
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